All Articles For Contending for the Faith

The Fourth Lateran Council, 1215 

“They ascribe divine perfections and render divine honors to a creature, and therein consists the essence of idolatry. In like manner Romanists teach that latreia, the worship due to God alone, is to be rendered to the host, or consecrated wafer. This worship, of course, is not rendered to the wafer as such, any more than the worship of Christians was rendered to the body and blood of Christ, when He was here on earth. But Romanists worship the host on the assumption that it is the body of Christ, with which his soul and divinity are inseparably connected.

Extreme Unction is one of Rome’s minor sacraments. It is only to be ad-ministered to adults who expect that death is at hand and ask for it. One often hears of the administration of this sacrament when accidents or catastrophes occur. It is at such times that priests are seen going in and out among the unfortunates, administering this last rite of the Roman Catholic Church. What is this Roman Catholic sacrament of Extreme Unction? 

The First Council of Lyons and the Close of Frederick’s Career. 1241-1250. 

JOHN WYCLIFFE Whatever has thus far been written on the rise and decline of the papacy clearly reveals the importance of the position of the pope of Rome and his decline in power. Before we proceed with the doctrine of the sacraments and of transubstantiation in particular during this period, we wish to make a few remarks about the reformers before the Reformation. 

In this article we will proceed with the Roman Catholic conception of the Church. According to Rome, the Church is a company of men externally bound together by the profession of the Christian faith, united in the communion of the same sacraments, under and subject to the government of legitimate pastors, especially the pope. Rome practically identified the Church with the pope. No member of the Roman Catholic Church has the right to believe in views which are not in harmony with the official interpretation of the Church, as set forth by the pope of Rome, and as resting upon...

It has been surmised that Frederick was not a Christian. Gregory charged him, specifically with blasphemy. But Freaderick as specifically disavowed the charge of making Christ; an impostor, and swore fealty to the orthodox faith. If he actually threw off the statement- of the three impostors as charged, it must be regarded as the intemperate expression of a mood. The statement was floating about in the air. It is traced to Simon Tornacensis, a professor of theology in Paris, who died in 1201, as well as to Frederick.

Later in the fourteenth century the Regular Observance grew again to considerable proportions, and in the beginning of the fifteenth century its fame was revived by the flaming preachers Bernardino of Sienna and John of Capistrano. The peace of the Franciscan order continued to be the concern of pope after pope until, in 1517, Leo X terminated the struggle of three centuries by formally recognizing two distinct societies within the Franciscan body. The moderate wing was placed under the Master-General of the Conventual Minorite Brothers, and was confirmed in the right to hold property.

The elevation of Rudolf inaugurated a period of peace in the relations of the papacy and the empire. Gregory X had gained a brilliant victory. The emperor was crowned at Aachen, Oct. 24, 1273 (his furthering of the election of Rudolf. pf Hapsburg to the imperial throne): The place of the. Hohenstaufen was thus taken by the Austrian house of Hapsburg, which has continued to this day to be a reigning dynasty and loyal to the Catholic hierarchy.

Introductory Survey